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They were once brothers-in-arms in the struggle against the Soviet-backed dictatorship of Mengistu Haile Mariam.
ECONOMIST: Ethiopia and Eritrea: Why are they fighting? | The
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It has restored its link with Ethiopia, lost in 1991 when Ethiopia's dictator, Mengistu Haile Mariam, was overthrown.
ECONOMIST: War and paper peace in Sudan
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Abune Paulos, who died aged 76, had been the Orthodox Church head since 1992, following the overthrow of the Mengistu Haile Mariam regime.
BBC: Ethiopia funeral held for church patriarch Abune Paulos
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Ethiopia's former leader Mengistu Haile Mariam has been granted permanent residence in Zimbabwe - his home since he fled Addis Ababa in 1991.
BBC: Mengistu to stay in Zimbabwe
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This culminated in independence after an alliance of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) and a coalition of Ethiopian resistance movements defeated Haile Selassie's communist successor, Mengistu Haile Mariam.
BBC: Eritrea profile
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From Libya's Muammar Gaddafi to Ethiopia's Mengistu Haile Mariam, men in uniform became heads of state and correspondents could cover up to 29 coups in a lifetime during the 20th Century.
BBC: African viewpoint: Pock-marked politics
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He has been serving as archbishop of the church in Jerusalem and has lived abroad for more than 30 years, first going into exile after the coup led by Mengistu Haile Mariam in 1974.
BBC: New leader of The Ethiopian Orthodox Church Abune Mathias
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SPLA's main backer, Ethiopia's ruler, Mengistu Haile Mariam.
ECONOMIST: Sudan��s rebels change their spots