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Many countries have seen rising divorce and more births outside marriage.
ECONOMIST: The family
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Of the four million infant deaths each year around the world, many are due to premature or low-weight births.
FORBES: The Sleeping Bag That Will Save Thousands of Babies
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They have, for instance, denied building permits to parents with too many children, and they have refused to register births, which under the Chinese system results in the denial of education and health care for the "illegal" children.
FORBES: New Asia
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One concern expressed by many in the field is that the number of multiple births has increased in recent years - the chances of parents having IVF triplets rose from one in 200 to one in 20 during the 1990s.
BBC: IVF under the microscope
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Many maternity hospitals are struggling to cope with the number of births, and the UN appealed to the Philippines earlier this year to pass the family planning bill.
BBC: Philippines contraception law signed by Benigno Aquino
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Professor Susan Wray, director of the Centre for Better Births at Liverpool Women's Hospital, recognises that many women have gone through hell during childbirth.
BBC: Making childbirth safer and easier for women
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As many as one in five pregnancies ends in miscarriage, while stillbirth happens in about five in every 1, 000 births.
BBC: Baby loss depression 'lasts years'