Single-use zoning and planning for different functions was thought to be efficient, but we now know that most office buildings are grossly underoccupied, with only 30% to 40% of their workspace used in a typical work day, never mind the gross inefficiencies of time and energy spent on large scale mass commuting.

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In 18th- and 19th-century Europe, operas were a popular form of large-scale, mass-market entertainment.

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Worse still, a privacy group called Privacy International has identified British, American, German and Israeli companies who are exporting spooky technologies like DPI hardware and equally sophisticated software products like "optical cyber solutions" that enable mass surveillance of large scale populations, to repressive regimes in the Middle East such as Yemen, Egypt, Syria and Iran.

CNN: Opinion: In the digital age, everyone is becoming a spook

The Culture for Development Indicator Suite (CDIS) provides a timely response to these challenges, building on the current favourable political context, greater capacity for data collection, and the critical mass of field experiences from large-scale projects.

UNESCO: Culture for Development Indicators

Opponents point out that unlike areas in other countries, mass transit is only economic viable in areas with sufficient density and that on a large scale, massive public transit programs have no chance of becoming self-sufficient.

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