They did bridge loans where the investments house doing the deal puts in some of the junior capital to get the deal done.

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There is no junior debt in the capital structure, and that highlights another party fighting for business: mezzanine providers.

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Their dividends are variable, their cash flows less certain and therefore an equity risk premium should exist which compensates stockholders for their junior position in the capital structure.

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Similarly, mutual funds like the Junior Energy Fund and venture capital firms like Solios Asset Management have made big bets that growth in nuclear power is inevitable.

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The Junior ISA investments are not subject to capital gains tax, income tax on savings, or to further tax on dividend income.

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Pao filed a lawsuit against the renowned venture capital firm where she is a junior partner in May, alleging that she was discriminated against for advancement and compensation.

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But a unit of insurer XL Capital, which held some of ESP's junior notes, pointed to a different section of the contract, claiming that in the event of default all note holders would continue getting interest payments before dishing out any principal to BNP Paribas.

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Mercer's 1998 Compensation Survey, which analyzed pay for 60 venture capital and private equity firms through May 1998, total compensation jumped 128% for junior partners and 35% for associates.

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