It even distinguished between identical twins--their genes are the same, but their irises aren't.
Differences that explain why identical twins - who share exactly the same DNA and very similar environments - can sometimes look so different, and often develop and die from different diseases.
The twin rule of pathology states that any heritable disease will be more concordant (that is, more likely to be jointly present or absent) in identical twins than in non-identical twins and, in turn, will be more concordant in non-identical twins than in non-siblings.
Another American scientist, Robert Plomin, has been working with 25, 000 pairs of identical and non-identical twins in Sweden.
ECONOMIST: WHAT WE LEARN FROM TWINS: The mirror of your soul | The
Mr Plomin has also set up a study working with 10, 000 pairs of identical and non-identical twins in Britain.
And it is only a predisposition towards having non-identical twins that is passed down through families.
They also looked at the same patterns in non-identical twins.
Even at their most opaque, the animated puppet films of the Brothers Quay (Philadelphia-born identical twins who now live in London) are eerily moving, like ancient volumes brought from the obscurity of a Borgesian library into the light.
But the cells from the first divisions retain the ability to form entire new embryos themselves. (This is how identical twins form.) Germ-line manipulation would require taking some of these early-embryonic cells apart in order to discover what the genetic lottery had delivered to them (a process that would destroy the cells in question).
Maybe Galton's classic twins study was invalid: perhaps you cannot look at the similarities between identical twins, and those between non-identical ones, and conclude that the difference must necessarily be due to genes.
ECONOMIST: WHAT WE LEARN FROM TWINS: The mirror of your soul | The
Swimmers on Coney Island, identical twins at a Christmas party for twins and triplets, ageing fur-coated women on buses or smoking at diner counters were caught at awkward moments, all revealing more about themselves than they might wish.
One problem is that separated identical twins do not actually provide a perfect nature-versus-nurture template.
ECONOMIST: WHAT WE LEARN FROM TWINS: The mirror of your soul | The
Some of it emerged from the first large-scale post-Burt study of separated identical twins, run by Thomas Bouchard, a professor at the University of Minnesota.
If you are a twin (identical or non-identical) aged over 15 who would like to volunteer to join the 10, 000 twins on the register of the Twin Research Unit at St Thomas' Hospital, call 020 7188 5555.
It was more common for identical twins to both have Alzheimer's compared to non-identical, and a statistical analysis of risk rates in the groups gave the researchers their estimate of how significant genetic factors are.
Each person's DNA -- the genetic code in a person's cells -- is unique, except in the case of identical twins, he noted.
CNN: State DNA laws help fight crime, but critics cite privacy concerns
Identical twins Chandra and Leigh Watson have developed a style of sweet, soulful indie-folk that does more than nod to alt-country influences.
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