The production of sodium hydroxide in the first place requires vast amounts of energy.
Freeport is also currently co-developing Tenke Fungurume, one of the largest undeveloped projects for copper and cobalt hydroxide.
First, you dig up bauxite which you then crush and boil in sodium hydroxide (lye, or caustic soda).
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The sodium hydroxide to carbonate then electrolysing to produce CO2: that looks a bit odd but is sensible enough.
This requires two porous electrodes, separated by an electrolyte composed of potassium hydroxide.
Five entrepreneurs founded the Electro-Alkaline Company in 1913 by creating a bleach product with chlorine and sodium hydroxide as its main ingredients.
One of the region's most famous offerings in this category is Lutefisk - aged, dried white fish soaked in lye (sodium hydroxide).
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But it contained a highly toxic concentration of potassium hydroxide, or caustic potash, and two teaspoons of it would have been a fatal dose.
So anyone looking at this sequence would immediately decide to get their hydrogen from that sodium hydroxide production not from the electrolysis of water.
If you zap purified water with electric current, you can split apart a water molecule into a positively charged hydrogen ion and a negatively charged hydroxide ion (oxygen attached to hydrogen).
Even the use of ammonium hydroxide can be a double-edged sword, since ammonia is perceived to be a noxious substance (although BPI effectively explains the benefits of the process on its website).
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While the company is focused on lithium carbonate, an updated feasibility study in October 2012 showed the ability to produce an additional 2, 000 tons of battery-grade lithium hydroxide and up to 30, 000 tons of sodium sulphate annually.
The details of the process used to create NanOss are currently a commercial secret (they involve dissolving together the right proportions of calcium, phosphate and hydroxide ions, while precisely controlling the acidity, temperature and timing of the process).
For example, aluminum hydroxide is commonly added to vaccines but it was documented in a NATO book that aluminum also stimulates production of IgE, the immunoglobulin most associated with anaphylactic shock and there are multiple other toxic adjuvants routinely added in vaccine manufacture.
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The machine blends iron, bleach and sodium hydroxide to form a dark purple liquid mixture of ferrate, salt and water that gets metered into the water supply. (The color disappears instantly as it reacts with the water.) Common disinfectants ozone and chlorine can turn the water cloudy or, worse, leave behind harmful chemical by-products.
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