Stem cells are special cells which can, theoretically, grow into almost any kind of human cell type.
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There is a maximum number of times that a human cell can divide (roughly 50) before it dies.
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The human cell nucleus contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, which carry genetic information necessary for developing and running the body correctly.
There are 46 chromosomes in a human cell, but he only needed one.
Scientists have for the first time created laser light using living biological material: a single human cell and some jellyfish protein.
This enzyme is responsible for severing the connection between the flu virus and human cell so it can move on and infect other cells.
Instead of labels, GenVault puts a tiny bit of unique rice DNA into each human cell sample, a sort of permanent bar code for the samples.
He believes that the GeneEngine will be handling whole chromosomes--every human cell has 23 pairs of them, and each chromosome holds 50 million to almost 300 million letters of DNA--within two years.
The Secretary of Health and Human Services (Secretary), through the Director of NIH, may support and conduct responsible, scientifically worthy human stem cell research, including human embryonic stem cell research, to the extent permitted by law.
People who work with HeLa cells understand that they are a very odd cell line, and conclusions about human cell biology have to be taken with a huge grain of salt if they are observed in these cells.
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DeCode will search for obesity genes by looking through a population of 70, 000 Icelanders and checking for differences in their DNA. Genes that obese people have in common will be pinpointed within the 3.1 billion letters of DNA code found in nearly every human cell.
That has led to concerns that the birds used to make the eggs themselves could succumb to bird flu. (The companies emphasize that the chickens are kept under extremely secure conditions.) There is research going on to use dog, monkey or human cell cultures to produce flu shots, but such production is five to ten years away.
Aventis is using human retinal cell lines to develop vats of flu serum.
Its four arms pick up glass plates, each dotted with 96 human-cell samples.
Finally, we assemble all the chunks in a human stem cell, which would enable you to finally create a Neanderthal clone.
Consider, for example, research based on human cancer cell lines.
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Professor Azim Surani, of the University of Cambridge, said the research should allow scientists to create a large range of human stem cell types, which could prove invaluable in studying disease.
For example, how will transplanted human iPS cell derivatives behave in terms of cell fate and safety long-term in clinically relevant transplantation settings in rodents or larger animals that are good models for humans?
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The purpose of this order is to remove these limitations on scientific inquiry, to expand NIH support for the exploration of human stem cell research, and in so doing to enhance the contribution of America's scientists to important new discoveries and new therapies for the benefit of humankind.
Within 120 days from the date of this order, the Secretary, through the Director of NIH, shall review existing NIH guidance and other widely recognized guidelines on human stem cell research, including provisions establishing appropriate safeguards, and issue new NIH guidance on such research that is consistent with this order.
But critics of human cloning and stem cell extraction methods essentially believe a human egg that begins to divide for any reason should be considered an embryo, and a potential person, that deserves protection under the law.
He set up a human-rights cell within the Supreme Court, to which thousands of Pakistanis petition directly every year.
Dr. RICHARD HYNES (co-Chair, Committee on Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research, National Academy of Sciences): Good morning.
We're going to talk some more this morning about the ethical issues raised by human embryonic stem cell research.
Geron's treatment for spinal cord injury was the first human embryonic stem cell therapy to receive FDA approval for a clinical trial.
Scientists hope human embryonic stem cell research will lead to treatments and cures for many diseases, including diabetes, Alzheimer's and spinal cord injuries.
In 2001, President George W. Bush banned all federal funding for human embryonic stem cell research, except on a handful of "pre-existing" stem cell lines.
The drafted guidelines set specific criteria for research and call for establishment of a "Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Review Group, " which would document and monitor compliance.
The Vatican has over recent decades issued blanket condemnations of artificial methods of birth control, in-vitro fertilization, therapeutic and reproductive cloning, and human embryonic stem cell research.
He used to be in charge at Geron and helped fund the research which led to first human embryonic stem cell line being created in 1998 and now heads another company, BioTime.
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