The state offers tax relief and public debt to heavy industry but not to high-tech companies.
Heavy industry also tends to be dirty and thirsty, jeopardising China's increasingly stringent environmental targets.
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Well-known businesses there include construction equipment makers Sany Heavy Industry and Zoomlion, local rivals of Caterpillar.
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Inward investment was such a big part of Welsh economy with the demise particularly of heavy industry.
Ralls Corp, which had been installing wind turbine generators made in China by Sany Heavy Industry Co.
Heavy industry will not pay, on the ground that it is already contributing through Europe's cap-and-trade system.
But in the rapid expansion of heavy industry, China's 11th-plan period was alarmingly reminiscent of its first.
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Deep concern over bad loans to unprofitable heavy industry held by the government is not merited, he said.
To the Chinese leadership, there were other priorities, like education, agriculture, heavy industry development, eradication of diseases, sanitation.
Industrial injuries, of the sort that used to afflict workers in heavy industry, are on their way out.
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The state has large chunks of American heavy industry in it, but it also has large rural areas.
Instead, it has continued to pump resources into infrastructure construction and heavy industry.
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In part because Halliburton acquired its way into tentacles that stretch into every major heavy industry on the planet.
The papers also examine the use of energy and emissions from heavy industry.
But like many towns built on heavy industry, Middlesbrough was crippled between the wars, and has struggled economically ever since.
And while the U.S. has added nearly 500, 000 manufacturing jobs over the past two years, California's heavy industry continues to erode.
Because heavy industry is capital-intensive, it creates few jobs, which is one reason why wages have not kept pace with GDP.
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Despite many concessions for heavy industry and poor newcomers to the EU, the final deal (perhaps to its credit) left everybody unhappy.
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On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies to which heavy industry has shifted have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.
Once a center of heavy industry under China's planned economy, Shenyang decayed and formed part of the country's rust belt in the 1990s.
But in the 1960s, the decline of heavy industry meant that this city, with a population of 170, 000, shed more than 40, 000 jobs.
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The company owes its name to an early marriage between Welsh heavy industry and Midlands metal-bashing, brokered by Arthur Keen, a Victorian entrepreneur.
Sany and Zoomlion, both heavy industry equipment makers, have become the sixth and seventh largest in their field in a short period of time.
"If people think of it at all, they tend to associate engineering with heavy industry and civil infrastructure, " the academy says on its website.
The Chinese shares that have come to market are mostly an unattractive mix of state-controlled heavy industry and infrastructure plays, often with dubious accounting.
He described a region that contains much of Germany's heavy industry yet the rivers along which factories and mines are sited remained relatively unpolluted.
Older people particularly have reason to feel isolated as the disappearance of heavy industry in Welsh communities means their families have often moved to find work.
Workers in heavy industry, the core of Mr Bertinotti's support, might get a 35-hour working week and be exempted from the tougher rules on early retirement.
Larry Kosmont, an independent analyst, reckons most heavy industry would be better off there than elsewhere in Los Angeles, or even in Houston or Las Vegas.
And in places that do not have much heavy industry it can make quite a large contribution to total emissions: in San Francisco its share is 18%.
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