In his view, ageing is about the accumulation of damage, and is not under tight genetic control.
Dr Skuse's results suggest a systematic difference between male and female behaviour that is under genetic control.
Universality, costliness and genetic control all suggest that music has a clear function in survival or reproduction, and Dr Miller plumps for reproduction.
Many characteristics that are under genetic control (height in people, for example, or flavour and texture in chickens) vary over a range of values.
Others believe that the genetic control of susceptibility to infectious disease forms a spectrum, of which Dr Abel and Dr Casanova have only seen one extreme.
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Dr Miller starts with the observations that music is a human universal, that it is costly in terms of time and energy to produce, and that it is, at least in some sense, under genetic control.
The genetic-control question that scares people most, however, is germ-line manipulation or, in tabloid parlance, designer babies.
On Twitter, Albert Vernon Smith, a geneticist at the University of Iceland, wrote that there was unhappiness that a U.S. company would now control Icelandic genetic samples.
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Some geneticists have complained that this arrangement not only inconveniences their work, but signals that it is acceptable to lay claim to genetic information and to control its exploitation.
The creature was evolved in a genetic algorithm using genetic programming trees as the control systems to manipulate servo motors at each body joint.
Hamburg and Jeffrey Shuren, the director of the Center for Devices and Radiological Health, also have stumbled in a ham-handed attempt, announced two years ago, to expand regulatory control over the genetic testing industry, also regulated by CDRH.
Where do we draw the line between what is a lifestyle choice and genetic illness that we have no control over?
Samples are being collected from patients, and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention is sharing genetic sequences with outside scientists.
Let's start with two related questions: If early biological and genetic factors beyond the individual's control make some people more likely to become violent offenders than others, are these individuals fully blameworthy?
It has managed to escape that control, and left humanity with a genetic weakness that another pathogen, HIV, has exploited.
Because it allows precise control of the activation or silencing of genetic traits, Dr Greenland and others are testing their molecular switches on such properties as insect or fungal resistance.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released the genetic sequence of the virus on Monday.
"This is an example of how genetic profiling does not subject you to genetic determinism, but liberates you so you can seize control of your life, " says Dr. Stefansson.
The British Health Secretary Alan Milburn said the current system of control through licences needed to be strengthened by law "to ensure that genetic advances are used for good rather than for evil".
This combination of technique allows for precise control of gene expression in yeast, which is something that can be useful for genetic engineering.
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Using new genetic techniques such as molecular mapping, they have located a set of genes on one chromosome that appears to control the process in a grass species called Tripsacum.
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