Watkins' one-person energy shop, Watkins Pencor , is a principal owner in Masada Oxynol , a Birmingham company that has devised a way to turn municipal solid waste into fuel-grade ethanol.
First it was hydrogen fuel-cells, then ethanol-powered cars, then plug-ins.
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They would as well provide tax credits for high-ethanol fuel pumps, refineries and other biofuels production.
Gevo, of Englewood, Colorado, which filed for flotation on NASDAQ in August, is planning to make another type of post-ethanol fuel: butanol.
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While automobile engines generally fare better on mid-level ethanol fuel blends than small engines, they are by no means immune to those problems.
At present, ethanol is used mainly as a fuel additive, with the 85% ethanol-gasoline blend known as E85 sold only sparsely across the country.
Then, there is the 51-cent tax credit paid to blenders of the fuel and a 54-cent tariff on imported ethanol to keep cheaper foreign producers out of the market.
It created a race to build the technology for making fuel from non-food sources, whether it was ethanol from wood chips and jet fuel from algae.
Freeman was a director and Nelson promoted Earth's "Bio-Willie" ethanol fuel mix.
But regular corn-based ethanol is unlikely to be the fuel choice of American motorists anytime soon--not least because only so much farmland can be devoted to growing corn for ethanol without denting food production.
Starting in 2002, receipts from user fees began to drop significantly, thanks largely to the impact of a slower economy and increased sales of gasahol, an Ethanol-based fuel that isn't taxed for the Highway Trust Fund and is heavily subsidized--thanks to the farm lobby and the efforts of Archer Daniels Midland (nyse: ADM - news - people ).
The car, which can run on either 100% ethanol or flex-fuel, went on sale in November.
One frequent question deals with Compressed Natural Gas or Liquified Natural Gas vehicles (Natural Gas Vehicles or NGV) in comparison with tri-Flex Fuel vehicles ( Gasoline, Ethanol, Methanol) vehicles.
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Ethanol output has more than doubled since 2002, thanks to the development of flex-fuel engines for cars, capable of running on either petrol or ethanol indistinguishably.
Subsidised corn-based ethanol is therefore a nifty way of meeting America's mandatory fuel-economy requirements without having to invest billions in new technology.
These so-called flex-fuel vehicles can burn either gasoline or ethanol or almost any mixture of the two.
From there, it's a relatively easy and well-known process to turn Acetyl Co-A into a fuel like butanol or ethanol.
Also, some Brazilian states (3 of 27) charge a lower VAT (Value Added Tax) on hydrous ethanol sold to Flex-Fuel cars compared to VAT imposed on gasoline at the pump.
In Brazil, 90% of new cars sold are so-called flex-fuel vehicles that run on either gas or ethanol.
But instead of beer, he would brew ethanol, the crop-based fuel that suddenly has the U.S. in a froth.
But instead of beer, he would brew ethanol, the crop-based fuel that suddenly has the nation in a froth.
Sometimes the corruption is wholesale, creating an industrywide potential for profit that would not exist in the absence of government subsidies or regulations (like ethanol used to fuel cars and low-interest mortgages for people who are unlikely to pay them back).
Grassley, R-Iowa, a longtime backer of ethanol and fuel from animal waste.
On Thursday evening, the Senate, by a vote of 86-8, passed an energy bill that will raise fuel-economy standards by 40% and dramatically boost production of ethanol and other biofuels.
Next the company converted the microbe to produce means to create ethanol fuel from plant cellulose, and following scale-up and cost problems, abandoned that dream to focus upon higher cost chemicals used in cosmetics.
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Evolution Resources wants to jump into the hot business of celluosic ethanol--converting otherwise useless plant material into fuel.
But much of the cynicism is centered on corn-based ethanol that some consider not just an inefficient fuel source but also one that also creates food shortages, driving up the cost of feed for livestock producers.
Those molecules could then either be blended into ethanol, or burned directly in a high-octane fuel.
The Volt's gasoline generator is mechanically independent of the wheels--easily swapped in the future for ethanol, biodiesel or fuel cell generators.
For example, how many gallons of water and fossil fuel does it take to produce and transport one gallon of corn-based ethanol?
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