Wounded by exposures of its support for Wahhabi extremism in the United States, the Saudi government is re-thinking its large-scale financing and promotion of its Dark Ages ideology around the world.
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For large scale financing urban infrastructure which is assuming critical importance in the context of rapid urbanization, conventional fiscal transfers to the urban local bodies or municipals from governments are no longer considered sufficient.
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These players benefit from economies of scale and financing from land conversion.
Nonetheless and as will be made even more acute by recent events in the energy sector, Israel confronts serious deficiencies in access to project financing for large-scale infrastructure.
Along with a global recession came a drying up of both capital for large-scale project financing and investor tolerance for the sort of risk inherent in early-stage cleantech ventures.
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"The DOE loan program provides an important financing 'bridge' at a time when the U.S. private debt markets have little to no experience financing first of their kind utility-scale solar projects, " First Solar Chief Executive Rob Gillette said in an email.
When his investors requested that the next tranche of financing be contingent on the company running the Nail It then Scale It process, it created a crisis that drove Greg to stop selling and start listening to the customer and understand what was missing in order to break through the barrier of customer adoption.
With economies of scale in manufacturing, procurement, distribution, marketing, sales, financing and research and development, you could get so giant no competitor could effectively attack your products or prices.
Electric car makers have struggled with financing and profitability given the costs of developing new technology and difficulty achieving economies of scale.
Over the past two decades, emerging market countries and companies have increasingly looked to the private capital markets (i.e. the issuing of stocks and bonds) for larger-scale funding and away from their traditional reliance on syndicated commercial bank loans and Western government financing vehicles.
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Smaller scale solar has fit into this camp for years, though companies like Solar City have recently developed new financing models, such as leasing, to help broaden the financial support.
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