The membrane actually plays host to two sets of gramicidin channels (one in each layer see diagram).
In each layer, electrons exist at a different level of energy, determined by the layer's thickness.
Now each layer of plastic is as thin as a sheet of copy paper, resulting in smooth printed prototypes.
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The FCC team found that stacking the coatings one on top of another enhanced the anti-reflective properties of each layer.
Information about each layer is transmitted from the computer to a laser beam, which melts the PCL into a 3-D structure.
Each layer offers a small slice of your personality to each group, leaving only close friends and family members to really understand us.
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Depending on how the devices are constructed (namely, how thick each layer is) they can last for hours, days, months or even years.
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Since the early 1990s the industry has resembled a cake made of horizontal layers of technology, with each layer dominated by a few companies.
Each layer consists of an array of elements made of foil, which produce tiny electrical pulses whenever they are penetrated by specks of dust.
They used a series of patterned masks to cover different areas of the wafer while each layer of precursor was sprayed on to it.
The firm came up with a solution that involved adapting the procedure so that each layer did not need to be completed before moving onto the next one.
The reason they call it a "family system" or a "layered defense" is that the tracking and targeting systems of each layer of technology enhance each others accuracy.
The idea behind Deltacloud and other efforts to provide one standard API for many clouds is to maximize choices for developers at each layer of the stack.
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During the launch, Juniper stated that traditional network architectures include multi-layer processing so that in each layer of a network, data need a certain amount of processing before they are transported further.
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Instead, the transistor is built up as a series of layers, deposited one at a time on the chip a process that allows the thickness of each layer to be controlled very accurately.
Each layer of distribution adds to the cost of goods thus eating into their already razor-thin margins, since all consumer goods sold in India have an MSRP which is the final price a customer is willing to pay.
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They said that by using stereolithography, their printer could offer "layer thicknesses and feature sizes that are worlds ahead of what is possible with" the existing technique used by budget printers, which melt plastic and squeeze it through a nozzle to build up each layer of an object.
The resin within the carbon layers is laced with lithium ions, so that each layer acts like an electrode, causing the positively charged lithium ions to collect in one layer when a voltage is applied, and a current to flow when the sandwich is placed in a circuit.
And with each new layer of stone the air got warmer and began to smell, at first something like a laundry hamper, then more like inside the mouth of a sun-baked cadaver.
For such a particle, it is possible to work out its velocity (from the time taken to pass between the two layers) and its trajectory (from the relative positions of the elements triggered in each sensor layer).
Starting with a six-metre high, primary rectangle, he imposed a minute linear variation on each fresh juxtaposed layer.
The innermost layer of each pellet contains the drug mixed with an alkaline stabilizer.
This way we can examine each step and carefully layer it on top of what we have right now.
The other established approach is to take two wafers of silicon, coat each with a thin layer of glass on one side (which is done by baking them in oxygen), and then fuse them together to produce a silicon-glass-silicon sandwich.
The Event phase, in which you and your opponent bid over who gets each event, adds a layer of chaos that can possibly ruin all your well-planned strategies if you're not prepared.
Huddled on the bed with her two older siblings and her little cousin, Ahad says the war has created a layer of nightmares, each different from the next.
This system which had long been on the books in various forms deters foreign PE investors because it adds a layer of regulatory complexity to each deal.
When swimmers spread their fingers just right, each individual digit forms its own boundary layer, as if it's "dressed in a sleeve of water that moves with the finger, " Bejan said.
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