Using research from the Ohio labs of the old Standard Oil of Ohio (Sohio), now a division of BP, Lee has a solid oxide cell that can be configured to run on natural gas, soy oil or farm wastes.

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Uber also launched in Chicago, where regulators tried to change the rules to block them, in Seattle with no problems, and in Boston, where a cease and desist was issued because the state's Division of Standards didn't have a standard for using GPS in commercial vehicles.

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But Samsung Electronics, an affiliate of the Samsung chaebol, did have one thing going for it: The firm was totally committed to the up-and-coming phone standard of the time, known as CDMA technology (or code division multiple access), adopted by Sprint.

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Due to its strong patent position, it also collects fees from 195 licensees, spanning most of the cell-phone industry for code-division, multiple-access technology, which is the standard communications technology in cellular networks.

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While Goldman is the gold standard in the trading business, with its fixed income, currencies and commodities trading division one of the most profitable in the industry, the macro environment has a been difficult one for trading in the last half of the year.

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Free trade raises our standard of living, not by adding jobs, but by increasing what Adam Smith called the division and specialization of labor, making jobs more productive.

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So when a highly prized teenager without enough money to pay for expenses beyond tuition, room and board and books, he and his parents cannot rely on a uniform standard across the 120 Division 1 FBS schools to determine which school offers enough to cover the full cost of attendance.

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