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Thus, they use the same material as standard crystal silicone panel manufacturers, with two major exceptions.
FORBES: U.S. Army Dedicates World's Largest Low-Concentration PV Facility
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If the second material of the crystal is intended to be air, that is enough.
ECONOMIST: Microelectronics grows up
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At least, those are the possibilities if the material really is a crystal.
ECONOMIST: The 2011 Nobel prizes
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Layers of material which work as filters, electrodes, transistors and the liquid crystal itself are deposited onto a thin glass plate to form a sandwich that is covered with another pane of glass.
ECONOMIST: Electronic screens as thin as paper are coming soon
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They've shown that a synthetically grown sample of herbertsmithite crystal (what you see above) behaves as a quantum spin liquid: a material where fractional quantum states produce a liquid-like flux in magnetic orientations, even if the material is solid.
ENGADGET: MIT demos new form of magnetism that could lead to quantum communication, storage
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The other, which faces a specialised type of solar cell made of a material called indium gallium arsenide, is sculpted into a structure called a photonic crystal that causes it to emit infra-red radiation selectively at the frequency best absorbed by the cell.
ECONOMIST: Solar power
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It could be defects due to missing atoms, thermal vibrations of the crystal lattice, or even the boundaries between small, imperfectly formed crystals that make up the material.
ECONOMIST: MONITOR
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Wherever the light hits the material, it hardens into a polymer, creating a grid of cells full of liquid crystal.
ECONOMIST: REPORTS