The study found there was a positive link between good information technology and national test results, of 0.07 under the Spearman Rank Correlation statistical measurement system.

BBC: Books 'best for tests'

Risk measurement entails complex correlation analyses and what-if scenarios, and there is a trend among financial services firms to outsource this work, says Morningstar analyst Swami Shanmugasundaram.

FORBES: Magic Formula Stocks

This measurement is called the correlation coefficient.

FORBES: Asset Allocation and the Efficient Frontier

In a subset of patients with relapsing remitting MS, the most common form of the disease, the correlation coefficient jumped to 0.69, suggesting an even stronger association between the retinal measurement and brain atrophy.

CNN: Can an eye exam detect multiple sclerosis?