The answer lies in how codeine works relative to others in this drug class.
FORBES: Why Codeine is Dangerous in Some Kids After Tonsillectomy
Dallek writes that the president took many prescription drugs, including amphetamines, sedatives, testosterone and codeine.
Codeine is given at doses when this conversion is optimal for pain relief without adverse effects on breathing.
FORBES: Why Codeine is Dangerous in Some Kids After Tonsillectomy
But if you are and take codeine, you convert much more of it to morphine than in most people.
FORBES: Why Codeine is Dangerous in Some Kids After Tonsillectomy
Doctors say the cough syrup contains codeine phosphate which, if taken beyond prescribed limits, makes people "drowsy and intoxicated".
Not surprisingly, Michel has become a junkie who cannot sleep unless he first swallows a handful of codeine tablets.
We have no codeine or paracetamol, sterile dressings, even bandages in my hospital.
It turns out that those who can't turn codeine into morphine lack an enzyme that is controlled by their genes.
Most of the painkilling effects of codeine are due to some of it being converted to the strong opioid analgesic, morphine.
FORBES: Why Codeine is Dangerous in Some Kids After Tonsillectomy
An advertisement from a Greek company on Tradekey offers a long list of substances like cocaine, ecstasy, codeine and heroin.
Studies have indicated that cannabis-based drugs can ease post-operative pain, though some studies have indicated the medication is no more effective than codeine.
However, a small percentage of people are born with a single-letter change in their DNA for this enzyme that causes the codeine-to-morphine reaction go faster.
FORBES: Why Codeine is Dangerous in Some Kids After Tonsillectomy
Scientists have found that the genetic mutation which renders codeine ineffective is much more common among northern Europeans, than those who hail from the Mediterranean.
Dr Sharma said the new seed has no trace of any of the natural chemicals which cause a narcotic effect - namely, morphine, codeine and narcotine.
Another soldier fatally overdosed in December 2010 after taking several drugs, including morphine and codeine, though the drugs were not prescribed for him, the Army documents show.
Yes, our bodies particularly an enzyme in our livers called CYP2D6 makes codeine active by replacing a part of the molecule to turn it into morphine.
FORBES: Why Codeine is Dangerous in Some Kids After Tonsillectomy
The other 90% of the population who take the medicine are able to break codeine down in their cells to make morphine and hence receive a significant amount of pain relief.
With heroin supplies running extremely low thanks to the efforts to quash exports out of Afghanistan, Russian chemists have developed the new drug made from household items like codeine, which is available over the counter in Russia.
But it would be as wrong to conclude that giving codeine to somebody from Malta would be bound to work, as it would to assume that giving it to a Swede would be a waste of time.
Desmorphine, a synthetic with similar effects of heroin made from house-held chemicals like codeine (available over the counter in Russia), iodine, lighter fluid, gasoline, and industrial cleaning oil, is street-named Krokodil for the way it literally devours its users (like the mean crocodile).
This is one of those days. (This is also one of those days when I swill codeine-laced cough syrup for a bronchial infection, so please take that into account.) A group calling itself The Manhattan Airport Foundation is advocating in all apparent seriousness that Central Park be turned into an in-town airport for the residents of New York City.
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