Its Sparc computer chip and Solaris operating system have been made less relevant by Microsoft Windows, Intel chips and the open-source Linux operating system.

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For decades, great companies were built on the back of some type of technical breakthrough their engineers developed a faster chip, a better search algorithm, a snappier operating system.

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The chip is designed for high-end servers running the Unix operating system and has been launched with a new server designed around it.

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The leaders are companies like Apple (chips and systems), Samsung (chips and systems), Google (operating system), Qualcomm (chips), ARM (chip designs), TSMC (foundry), and Globalfoundries (foundry).

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Most others using ARM-based chips are customizing different variants of the Linux operating system, said Steve Mollenkopf, president of Qualcomm's chip unit.

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They are doing it with an operating system that Microsoft buried years ago and running it on a 486 chip so retro it is barely still in production.

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