Another quasi-government security is a bank bond with a guarantee from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
The ECB reportedly now wants to allow senior bank bond-holders to be the first to absorb losses.
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And third, the ECB governing council would itself have to decide that central bank bond purchases are also needed.
In the meantime, the bonds will be traded on an inter-bank bond market.
Investors in U.S. Treasurys will closely watch the Federal Reserve's policy statement this week, and any talk of reining in central-bank bond purchases could hit a nerve.
Sian believes Portugal will need 42 billion euros to cover its sovereign debt payments, 36.8 billion euros for its bank bond redemptions, and 10.5 billion euros to recapitalize its banks.
Most bank bond purchases have been of debt issued by their own governments, and this reinforces the interdependence of weak banks and weak governments that has deepened the crisis over the past two years.
Put another way, a poor quality bank bond that no one wants because the bank is in trouble is suddenly high quality debt if the Fed is prepared to swap it for a Treasury bond.
And Belgium, France and - to a tiny extent - Luxembourg are also providing guarantees that lenders of up to 90bn euros to Dexia over the coming ten years would get their money back (they are guaranteeing up to 90bn euros of inter-bank and bond funding for up to a decade).
LONDON European stock markets got some respite from recent tumbles, as bond yields in Italy and Spain fell after a member of the European Central Bank's policy-making council sparked speculation about a restart of the bank's bond-buying program.
For example, the difference between the average yield on a triple-B-rated municipal bond in the Bank of America Merrill Lynch municipal-bond index the low end of investment grade and a triple-A-rated one has dropped to just 2.64 percentage points, the smallest since 2010.
The ESM is an integral part of the European Central Bank's bond-buying scheme, announced on Thursday.
If rates remain unchanged in May 2012 the Bank of Oklahoma bond yield will be 1.09%.
Some Federal Reserve officials have also been calling for an early end to the central bank's bond-buying program.
They have reportedly shortlisted HSBC and Royal Bank of Scotland, along with Saudi British Bank and Riyad Bank, as bond underwriters.
Older investors (concentrated abroad) need steady returns, lending to younger generations through bank deposits, bond purchases and life insurance premiums (which are reinvested in growth).
Oil prices were pushed lower by a transcript of the latest Fed meeting that showed some policymakers expressing doubts about the central bank's bond-buying program.
Meanwhile, as Agustino Fontevecchia pointed out here recently, the future of the Euro now rests largely on a game of bluff played out between the European Central Bank and the bond markets.
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TOKYO A week after Japan's central bank started a huge bond-buying campaign to drive down yields in the country's quadrillion-yen government-bond market, yields instead have risen, a sign of the huge headwinds the bank faces in its push to end 15 years of deflation.
The rise in TSF was driven by increases in bank loans, corporate bond issuance, and trust loans.
Proceeds from the new bank loan, the bond sales and the Fiat investment will be used to repay the government loans.
Europeans bought about 9% of a China Development Bank dim-sum bond and 8% of one sold by Beijing Enterprises Group, Dealogic said.
Japanese co-financing with the World Bank, and large commercial bank credits and sovereign bond offerings will comprise the bulk of this year's remaining amount.
It is that trend that has led the European Central Bank to expand its bond purchasing to the debt of Italy and Spain in recent months.
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Of course you have other savings as well in the bank, in the bond and as ISAs so you need to figure out how best to use them.
In the first tier of sanctions, Chinese nationals and state-owned enterprises would be barred from securing U.S. bank loans or floating bond offerings on the U.S. debt market.
Also, Deutsche Bank estimates that global bond funds are sitting on 9% cash, so fund managers still have a lot of money on the sidelines to put to work.
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Stocks were off to the races Thursday, after the European Central Bank unveiled a new bond-buying program and a closely-watched indicator for the U.S. labor market delivered an upbeat reading.
FORBES: Draghi Drives Big Rally For Stocks, Will Friday's Jobs Report Provide Another Jolt?
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