Karlan, Appel, Duflo and Banerjee tackle that question through randomized control trials (RCTs).
But getting them through the legislature without Ms. Banerjee's support is likely to be even trickier.
WSJ: India Government Roiled as Ally Withdraws Over Retail Plan
Banerjee also realises that she will have a tough job at hand as chief minister.
Banerjee herself is a mercurial leader and not known to be a great administrator.
Bandyopadhyay, who is now a TMC supporter, says they see Banerjee as an alternative.
For example, few in West Bengal can spell out what the energetic Ms Banerjee stands for.
The moment Mamata Banerjee or the prime minister ask for my resignation, I will do so.
Party leader Mamata Banerjee has asked the prime minister to sack Mr Trivedi, reports say.
One of them openly declared in a TV debate that Ms Banerjee was the "actual communist".
With Ms Banerjee looking a diminished figure, Mrs Gandhi has come out on top for now.
It had the effect of cornering Mrs Gandhi into endorsing Ms Banerjee's foe, Mr Mukherjee.
Ms. Banerjee told Mr. Singh over the phone Friday that her party wouldn't support the move.
Dilip Banerjee is integrating disaster relief into the long-term management of local needs and resources.
FORBES: Three Social Entrepreneurs Already Working To Turn Extreme Weather Into Local Opportunities
"Our ministers will go to New Delhi on Friday and submit their resignations, " Ms. Banerjee said Tuesday.
WSJ: India Government Roiled as Ally Withdraws Over Retail Plan
Instead, Ms Banerjee objected to both Mr Mukherjee and the other (lesser) candidate, Hamid Ansari, India's vice-president.
West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee had ordered Mr Sen's arrest after he went missing earlier this month.
BBC: India businessman Sudipto Sen in court over alleged fraud
Congress even faced opposition from parties that it relies on to govern, including from Ms. Banerjee's Trinamool Congress.
Even Ms Banerjee said on her 200-meeting poll campaign that all communists were not bad, "only some were".
Biswajit Banerjee, the divisional forest officer, admits that the rocky soil is of little use for planting trees.
Mr Banerjee is the first arbiter of their fate and it is not clear how he will rule.
Similarly, the Congress Party is hoping to expand its base in the state, which Banerjee is loath to allow.
Jon Lewis and Vikram Banerjee stayed together to seal the draw on 243-7.
Since then, parties from across the political spectrum, including Ms. Banerjee's, have protested.
WSJ: India Government Roiled as Ally Withdraws Over Retail Plan
Complicating things, however, is the ambiguous attitude towards business of Ms Banerjee herself.
Is Mamata Banerjee more communist than the communists she is expected to dislodge?
Mr Kalam has ruled himself out, leaving Ms Banerjee with no credible candidate.
"The simple fact is the Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee ordered the police to block my arrival, " he tweeted.
However, within hours of his announcement, Mamata Banerjee, the chief of Mr Trivedi's Trinamul Congress party, rejected the fare increase.
Dibakar Banerjee is a leading Indian filmmaker, whose next film, Shanghai, adapted from the political thriller Z, releases in January.
Spinners Chris Taylor (4-52) and Vikram Banerjee (3-103) did the damage as the last seven wickets fell for only 40.
BBC: SPORT | Cricket | Counties | Northants on course for third win
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