Not only is interferon-beta an ineffective weapon against bacteria, it can block the action of interferon gamma - which is when bacteria can gain a foothold, the researchers said.

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The physical nature of this action prevents bacteria from developing resistance to these nanoparticles.

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But in real-life use, quats in their dry state may not effectively kill bacteria as moisture is needed for their action, he adds, or they could rub off or get covered by dust.

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They found a particular piece on the surface of the bacteria, which they have called SpyCEP, is responsible for blocking the action of IL-8.

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He'll leave a gamey piece of goat in this brew for about five days, allowing natural enzymatic action to tenderize the meat, while the marinade keeps bad bacteria at bay.

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Yonath's research has also revealed the precise modes of action of over 20 different antibiotics targeting bacterial ribosomes, shedding light on how bacteria become resistant to antibiotics.

UNESCO: The UNESCO Courier