Apo-E is thought to stop the damage being done to the cholesterol, but with varying degrees of effectiveness.
The novel antisense oligonucleotide works by inhibiting the synthesis of apo-B and is under development in the United States and Europe for the treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia.
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Among both Finns and French, people born with an apo E-2 gene have a four-fold greater likelihood of reaching 100 than those born with an apo E-4, the studies find.
WSJ: A Gene Gives a Hint Of How Long a Person Might Hope to Live
Zannis, first discovered 17 years ago that there were three versions of apo E, they found that most people afflicted with a rare type of artery-clogging atherosclerosis had two copies of apo E-2.
WSJ: A Gene Gives a Hint Of How Long a Person Might Hope to Live
In Finland, about 50% of middle-aged Finns possess an apo E-4 gene.
WSJ: A Gene Gives a Hint Of How Long a Person Might Hope to Live
Fewer French people have an apo E-4 gene, but the pattern is the same.
WSJ: A Gene Gives a Hint Of How Long a Person Might Hope to Live
Apo A-1 is thought to be the key HDL component that removes cholesterol from cells.
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"The hope is that we can make a drug that does what apo E-2 does, " he says.
WSJ: A Gene Gives a Hint Of How Long a Person Might Hope to Live
He is working with a major drug maker to find out why apo E-2 seems to be protective.
WSJ: A Gene Gives a Hint Of How Long a Person Might Hope to Live
But if a patient has two copies of apo E-4, the odds that the dementia is due to Alzheimer's jumps to 94% from 66%, the Duke scientists say.
WSJ: A Gene Gives a Hint Of How Long a Person Might Hope to Live
The surprise was that although men with a copy of the apo E-4 gene made up less than 16% of the group, they accounted for 26% of the heart-disease deaths.
WSJ: A Gene Gives a Hint Of How Long a Person Might Hope to Live
Almost a decade ago a study demonstrating regression of atherosclerosis with apo A-1 Milano caused tremendous excitement, but the recombinant product has not yet undergone further research or commercial development.
FORBES: Early Look: New Methods To Enhance Cholesterol Efflux
An even more unusual approach is being explored by Alan Fogelman and his team, who have genetically engineered a tomato to produce a small peptide, 6F, that mimics the action of apo A-1.
FORBES: Early Look: New Methods To Enhance Cholesterol Efflux
Two years ago, he astonished the world of neurology with evidence that apo E -- known until then only for its role in cholesterol transport -- is involved in the major type of Alzheimer's disease.
WSJ: A Gene Gives a Hint Of How Long a Person Might Hope to Live
The main island, Apo Island -- not to be confused with the better known island of the same name off the island of Negros in the central Philippines -- is a palm-fringed beauty, ringed by golden sand and home to an emerald-green interior lagoon embraced by mangroves.
As for cement, Gokongwei expects a glut in three years, but says 34-year-old Apo Cement will remain competitive.
The ball went left, but Northampton back-row Apo Satala put in a magnificent cover tackle to deny Brian Mujati a try in the corner.
What really shook up the world's neurologists, though, was the Duke team's finding that people born with two copies of the E-4 version of apo E developed Alzheimer's symptoms an average of 20 years earlier in life than those born with an E-2 version.
WSJ: A Gene Gives a Hint Of How Long a Person Might Hope to Live
KYNAMRO, given as a 200 mg weekly subcutaneous injection, has been approved as an adjunct to lipid-lowering medications and diet to reduce low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (Apo B), total cholesterol (TC), and non-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non HDL-C) in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH).
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Also listed are French under-17 internationals Irele Apo and Serge Akakpo, both of AJ Auxerre.
Possessing an E-2 or E-3 version of apo certainly isn't a guarantee of avoiding Alzheimer's.
WSJ: A Gene Gives a Hint Of How Long a Person Might Hope to Live
The only disease linked to apo E was a rare type of artery-clogging atherosclerosis.
WSJ: A Gene Gives a Hint Of How Long a Person Might Hope to Live
But excited researchers say that apo E is rapidly emerging as the first-found of a set of mysterious genes that roughly determine how long a person will live, provided he or she escapes an "unnatural" death from bacteria and viruses, war, accidents, unhealthy diet, smoking or other environmental happenstance.
WSJ: A Gene Gives a Hint Of How Long a Person Might Hope to Live
Until recently there were two ways to visit Apo: you could shell out for a live-aboard dive safari operating out of the town of Puerto Galera in eastern Mindoro, or out of Coron town in Palawan province south of Mindoro.
There are three different but normal versions of the apo E gene and its protein, known respectively as E-2, E-3 and E-4.
WSJ: A Gene Gives a Hint Of How Long a Person Might Hope to Live
That did not appear to be on the cards when mistakes from Apo Satala and Morgan threw away certain scores soon after the break, but long-range efforts from Vainikolo and Watkins secured the five points.
Better yet, daily early morning flights to San Jose, two hours south of Sablayan by bus or air-con minivan, mean you can leave Manila in the morning and be diving on Apo Reef the same day.
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