The EU decided in 2008 that aviation should become part of its cap-and-trade carbon program after airline discharges in Europe doubled over two decades.
The result, after enough discharges, is that a reef can no longer provide food and shelter for animals and plants, and may well lose its ability to protect the coastline.
In 2000, Iowa's attorney general declared DeCoster a "habitual violator" of state environmental laws after a series of discharges of manure from his hog-farming operations.