This week, an academic report (albeit sponsored by Citadel, one of the largest HFTs) answered the critics in depth.
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According to a 36-page academic research report by the Peterson Institute for International Economics, China has moved closer to its long-term goal for its currency, the renminbi (RMB), to become a global reserve currency.
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Up to 15, 000 people were believed to have taken part in the riots - with the majority of those aged under 24 and with poor academic records, the report said.
According to the NIAAA, about 25 percent of college students report negative academic consequences of their drinking, including missing class, falling behind, doing poorly on exams or papers and receiving lower grades overall.
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Though the report reads like an academic paper, the WEF wants it to provoke dialogue and action.
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The report, called Medical Academic Career Intentions, also calls for more flexible working patterns to encourage more doctors to stay in academic medicine and encourage others to take up jobs.
However, the report's recommendation that academic selection should be outlawed was always guaranteed to polarise the Stormont parties.
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His report has now gone before academic lawyer and former TV host Sir Ian - head of the new Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority (IPSA) - who said last week it provided a "clear set of recommendations for reform".
The report comes just months after medical academic staff in England voted in favour of a new contract.
In their report Matt Flinders, a senior academic with Sheffield University's Politics Department, says the problem is with the Parties themselves.
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Ofsted said the review panel of the new report would include leading head teachers and academic experts.
And he scored another hit by publishing a report from Lord Norton, a Tory academic, containing scores of suggestions for improving the performance of Parliament.
According to data from the academic journal Cryosphere published in a January 2013 BBC report, glaciers in the tropical Andes have shrunk by 30% to 50% since the 1970s.
The report urged institutions to communicate repeatedly during the academic year the necessity for student bodies to meet equality and diversity policies.
All of this is documented in a report issued this past May by the UC Davis faculty Committee on Academic Freedom and Responsibility (CAFR).
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The NIAO report also found a "strong correlation between between low levels of academic achievement and free school meal entitlement (an indicator of social deprivation)".
Mrs King said she rejected a place at Sherwood Park after reading the latest Ofsted report, which highlighted attendance issues, concerns about below-average academic attainment, the news that the current head teacher was leaving, and the 1.1-mile walk to the school.
The report, which draws on evidence from a wide range of sources such as academic studies or papers published by the World Bank, points out that there is a lack of data gathered specifically to measure impact based on gender.
Of course, this is really only a common-sense observation, but, given the atrocious decline in higher ed standards over time (Arum and Roksa report that their data indicate students nowadays typically spend fewer than 30 hours a week in academic pursuits), it is a desperately needed denunciation of the modern Ivory Tower.
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