华北农民观念的近代演变，如同一面镜子，大致反映了当时社会经济生活的风貌。
The evolution of North China's peasants' idea in modern times, like a mirror, generally reflected the social and economic life at that time.
崛起于明初、鼎盛于清代、衰落于近代的陕西商帮，在明清时期陕西的社会、经济生活中占有显要的地位。
Rising in Ming Dynasty, flourishing in Qing Dynasty and declining in modern times, the Shaanxi Shangbang played a very important role in society and economy of Shaanxi in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
崛起于明初、鼎盛于清代、衰落于近代的陕西商帮，在明清时期陕西的社会、经济生活中占有显要的地位。
Rising in Ming Dynasty, flourishing in Qing Dynasty and declining in modern times, the Shaanxi Shangbang played a very important role in society and economy of Shaanxi in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
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